Hookes law states that the restoring force of a spring is directly proportional to a small displacement. Experimental study of simple harmonic motion of a springmass. Through rigorous experimentation and corroboration, which requires other scientists to duplicate the same result as the first, a scientists hypothesis is either confirmed or proven incorrect. As the stretch increases, the force increases, and it is a constant increase. Although you can measure a constant, you either cannot alter it during an experiment or else you choose not to change it.
For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. It involves students in the process of creating an experiment almost entirely without constants so they can. Add 50 g to the mass hanger and determine the change in position caused by this. The value of r is determined experimentally by measuring the other variables in the equation, and solving mathematically to get the value of the constant. A laboratory experiment to measure henry s law constants. Place a stool under the hanger and measure the initial height x0 above the stool. Students name experiment o3 determination of stefanboltzman.
Independant and dependant variables, constants, control. As the trolley was travelling at constant velocity we can say that t s v. Conclusion in this experiment the stretch of a spring. To determine the spring constant of a spiral spring. Theory when a load f suspended from lower free end of a spring hanging from a rigid support. Simple harmonic motion 8122014 page 1 experiment 6 simple harmonic motion reading. A constant variable is an aspect of an experiment that a scientist or researcher keeps unchanged. Determining the ideal gas constant uri department of.
General science laboratory 1110l lab experiment 5 the. Includes wikipedia articles and information on the author, his aircraft and the book. Experiment 6 titration ii acid dissociation constant introduction. Youll substitute these measurements into the ideal gas law to solve for r, the ideal gas constant. One of the things to pay attention to in a science fair project is carefully maintaining all elements constant except for the experimental variables. For each weight, the student allows the weight to hang in equilibrium and then measures the entire length of the cord.
In equation form, hookes law is fkx where f is the force needed, x is the distance the spring is stretched or compressed beyond its natural length, and k is a constant of proportionality called. An experiment was designed to investigate the effects of fertillizer on the growth of plants. It does help us to predict what should be the case. Experiment 9 spring constant aim to find the force constant of a helical spring by plotting graph between load and extension. Determining the ideal gas constant what you will accomplish in this experiment youll experimentally determine the value of the ideal gas constant by measuring the pressure, volume, and temperature of a known number of moles of gas. The dependent variable is what you measure in the experiment. For example, in a science fair project that is measuring the effect of room temperature on the growth of broccoli seedlings, room temperature is the independent variable and height of seedling is the dependent variable. However, imagine trying to do an experiment where one of the variables is love. Apparatus spring, a rigid support, slotted weights, a vertical wooden scale, a fine pointer, a hook. Weight or mass is an example of a variable that is very easy to measure. Students will be able to identify constants in an experiment.
We followed a previously done experiment by andy cuthbert and alex herr, and compared some of our data to their data. Hookes law will be verified for a spring and the force constant will be calculated by measuring the amount the spring is stretched when various masses are hung on it. Apr 26, 2018 a constant variable is an aspect of an experiment that a scientist or researcher keeps unchanged. Hang the spring from the pendulum clamp and hang the mass hanger from the spring. During the conduction of this lab, several new phrases that were defined came up.
The spring experiment noaa hazardous weather testbed. While a control constants value or condition may stay the same, the researcher should still record the constant to reproduce the experiment properly. Examples of control constants include temperature, ph and test duration. After completing the experiment, prepare a full report on the experiment and its results. Pendulum clamp, aluminum pole, large clamp, assorted masses, mass hanger, spiral spring, ruler, and 2 meter stick. Calculate the spring constant, k, for both springs in part ii using the equation for the period of oscillation for a spring mass system, equation 2. Experiment 8 determination of an equilibrium constant. If the spring constant of the same spring is calculated on the moon ie.
Examples of control constants include temperature, ph and. The objective of the experiment is to determine the spring constant of a spiral spring by hookes law and by its period of oscillatory mo tion in response to a weight. The object of this virtual lab is to determine the spring constant k. Contrast this with an experimental variable, which is the part of an experiment that is affected by the experiment. The spring experiments are a unique opportunity for researchers and forecasters to work sidebyside to evaluate emerging research concepts and tools and participate in experimental forecast and warning generation exercises.
To find the force constant of a helical spring by plotting graph between load and extension. To emphasize that x refers to the change in length of the spring we write f mg k. Students name experiment o3 determination of stefan. In this case, the dependent variable is whether the chalk changes form in the solvents. For a system such as shown in figure 1, the springs elongation, x x0, is dependent upon. The spring experiments are a unique opportunity for researchers and forecasters to work sidebyside to evaluate emerging research concepts and tools and participate in experimental forecast and warning. An acidbase titration can be monitored with an indicator or with a ph meter. The experiment to obtain the henrys law constant for a speci. In an experiment following the scientific method, a constant is a variable that cannot be changed or is purposely not changed during the experiment. Experiment 8 determination of an equilibrium constant outcomes after completing this experiment, the student should be able to. Part iii determining uncertainties in your final values in the results section of your notebook, state the results of.
Some constants are purposeful and selected by the scientist to control an experiment while others are more universal and beyond a researchers control. If a mass m is attached to the lower end of the spring, the spring stretches a. This is the point at which enough titrant has been added to the analyte to just exactly neutralize the analyte. Static method and dynamic method, to decide the spring constant of a spring. The constants include the type of pot, type and amount of soil, watering schedule and the depth at which seeds are planted. The rydberg constant, determined by the comparison of theory and experiment using atomic hydrogen, is known with a relative uncertainty of 6. Both populations were the same type and size of plant and were given the same amount of water, grown in the same kind of soil, and kept in the same level of temperature and sunlight. Where r energy radiated per area per time, emissivity of the material of the body. R is the same for all gases provided the gas has ideal behavior. What is the relationship between spring constant and. Science fair projects must be carefully designed to ensure that the data collected is a true representation of scientific facts. May 17, 2012 an optical trap was used to measure the relationship between restoring force and displacement of a 1.
In the static method, we explored hookes law, fx kx, by recording stretch length for various masses hung on a spring and obtained ks 1. There are two main types of constants you may encounter in. In addition it allows students to evaluate an experiment, identify its flaws, and create ways to improve it. In an experiment to determine the spring constant of an elastic cord of length 0. The forces supplied by the masses are due to their weight which can be found by. Static method is used to measure how long the spring extended after load applied. Experiment 9 spring constant aim to find the force. Conclusion in this experiment the stretch of a spring changes. Mechanical behavior of a spring arizona state university. Hooke, depotentia restitutiva 1678 we have measured the strength k of a mechanical spring using both static and dynamic methods.
In this experiment, the stretch of a spring changes as the force applied on the spring changes. The proportionality constant k is specific for each spring the object of this virtual lab is to determine the spring constant k. In either case, the goal is to determine the equivalence point of the titration. Additional instructions are included below to guide you through the experiment, and you can add your own steps. Hookes law describes the relationship between the restoring force of the spring, as experienced by the agent stretching the spring, and the change in. Experiment 9 spring constant aim to find the force constant. For a system such as shown in figure 1, the springs elongation, x x0, is dependent upon the spring constant, k, and the weight of a. In this experiment you will determine the ideal gas constant using h 2 gas.
This experiment provides students with the possibility of understanding the di. Theory the atoms of each element emit, when they are excited for instance in an electrical discharge in a gas, an optical discrete spectrum on the basis. Here k is the spring constant which is a quality particular to each spring. Measurement of the dna spring constant using optical tweezers charles s. Experiment 6 titration ii acid dissociation constant. Experimental study of simple harmonic motion of a spring.
Work purpose the determination of the constant involved in the spectral series of the hydrogenoid atoms ions. The springs restoring force acts in the opposite direction to its elongation, denoted by the negative sign. At the height of the spring severe weather season, the noaa hwt hosts multiple experiments to evaluate the operational utility of new science, technology and products. Spring constant meaning in the cambridge english dictionary. A spiral spring, a set of weights, a weight hanger, a balance, a stop watch, and a two meter stick. Where f is the force exerted on the spring in newtons n. Therefore in order to verify hookes law, you must verify that the force f and the distance the spring is stretched are proportional to each other that just means linearly dependant on each other, and that the constant of proportionality is k. Repackaged and reformatted into pdf with redrawn illustrations and graphics. Spring constant experiment purpose the purpose of this experiment is to perform two method. In this case, the independent variables are the solvents you put the chalk into water and vinegar.
Some people refer to controlled variables as constant variables. General science laboratory 1110l lab experiment 5 the spring. In a good experiment, the scientist must be able to measure the values for each variable. Hookes law utk department of physics and astronomy. Each group can conduct the experiment for one temperature using the same experimental setup on di. Measure the spring extension relative to a reference point. Stiffer more difficult to stretch springs have higher spring constants. August 15, 2007 14 spring rate spring rate k is ratio of change in force to the change in length force f exerted by the spring is f k lf lo appendix 12 standard spring selection l f k.
To determine the spring constant of a spiral spring by hookes law and by its period of oscillatory motion in response to a weight. There can be more than one constant in an experiment. This fun activity shows students why constants controlled variables are necessary for the reliability, fairness, and accuracy of experiments. Measurement of the dna spring constant using optical. The proportionality constant k is specific for each spring. Therefore the time interval between two adjacent spots is 0. The spring constant of a certain spring is calculated as ke when measured in earth. A laboratory experiment to measure henry s law constants of. It is called the force constant or the spring constant of the spring. Using hookes law is the simplest approach to finding the value of the spring constant, and you can even obtain the data yourself through a simple setup where you hang a known mass with the force of its weight given by f mg from a spring and record the extension of the spring. It provides opportunities for students to practice the basics of writing a procedure, a scientific question, and a hypothesis.
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